G01296001). The mean elevation of the sub-watershed is positively associated with T (T, P-UF) and T (T, PO43-F). Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. Closeness centrality (CC) measures the proximity of a citys contact distance. Although many factors combine to influence weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water. Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? Tian, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. Each of these city states could develop its own social structures (contrast Sparta and Athens). In india where badland topography is commonly found? articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. The response of DOC is site specific and complex to climatic drivers [67]. Runoff coefficient data was assigned to different watersheds based on climatic class. Axis development model construction. Fertilizer and manure data were extracted from the global fertilizer and manure application version 1 (0.50.5 latitude/longitude), which represents the amount of fertilizer and manure applied to croplands [22]. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. Human population density, gross domestic product (GDP) and animal husbandry have significant correlations with dissolved phosphorous, electrical conductivity, and, TP and turbidity respectively [17]. Moreover, the particular influences on water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [11, 12]. If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. Based on the model, when topography over the selected region (KTU) is reduced to 25%, the mean rainfall (temperature) over east Africa is reduced (increased) by about 19% Step wise multiple regression (SMLR) was conducted to develop models between CEWQ parameters and watershed characteristics [36, 37]. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. 41771130. BibTeX Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. Other city-states that were not on the shoreline, like Sparta in the southwest Peloponnese, relied on slave labor to tend to fields, craft goods, etc. He, C.-F.; Yu, C.-D. Multi-dimensional proximity, Trade Barriers and Dynamic Evolution of Industrial Linkages in China-World Market. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. Li, J.; Qian, Y.; Zeng, J.; Yin, F.; Zhu, L.; Guang, X. What were the major differences between Athens and Sparta. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. The mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean slope gives opposite results. ; Gao, S.; Wang, Y.-Q. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. There are serious concerns that water quality impairment (fecal indicator bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorous) due to livestock grazing on public lands threatens human and ecological health [23, 24]. How does topography impact land value? Yang, L.-J. ; funding acquisition, P.S. This technique provides potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water quality. Research on the Influence of a High-Speed Railway on the Spatial Structure of the Western Urban Agglomeration Based on Fractal TheoryTaking the ChengduChongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example. 41771130. Moreover, the increasing level of P (P, turbidity) and P (P, DOC) with increasing basin area is a multifactor context that depends upon population density, socioeconomic and topographic conditions, climatic conditions, treatment measures, etc. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Latest answer posted November 18, 2019 at 4:26:56 AM. This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. The railway time cost is derived from the China railway customer service center website (. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. (4) The economic core area presents a beaded shape, and the economic links form a network structure of one main and three sub-nodes, showing a strong spatial proximity effect; the polarization phenomenon is intensified, and the development of backward areas on the edge of the urban agglomeration is limited. Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S.; Sono, D.; Xiu, C. Urban positionality in the regional urban network: Through the lens of alter-based centrality and national-local perspectives. The basic answer is that the farther away you get from the earth, the thinner the atmosphere gets. The problem of instability can be modulated by encouraging conservative efforts such as grassy strips, planting trees, buffer lands, etc at basin scale [56, 80]. The direction and speed of the wind can be greatly affected by topography. This is because geographical features include mountains, deserts, and water, which directly impact the movement of people and thus the movement of trade. How does geography affect business? - Geographical influences are one of the factors which have a great impact upon the businesses. Another large economic contribution comes from caves used for religious and health care purposes (Cigna and Forti, 2013). Summary. Res. How was citizenship connected to the Greek polis? Certain ocean currents have differenet temperatures. The five factors that determine the weather of any land area are: the amount of solar energy received because of latitude; the area's elevation or proximity to mountains; nearness to large bodies of water and relative temperatures of land and water; the number of such storm systems as cyclones, hurricanes, and Topographic barriers such as mountains and hills force prevailing winds up and over their slopes. How does topography affect population distribution? Mountainous areas The expected outcomes are quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital (e.g. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. The possibility of economic exchange and industrial transfer is more significant in the subgroup, which is conducive to guiding the regional economys benign development from the whole networks perspective. Topography is the relief of an area. Watershed topography, such as catchment area and slope, is an important element that affects surface waters and basin hydrology [1518]. Xie, X.; Shi, P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Influence and Prediction of oasis urban expansion on Cultivated land space in Arid region: A case study of Hexi Corridor. The impacts of natural environment on water quality, e.g., climate and topography, have been less studied in comparison with land use and socio-economic factors. Development can be defined as improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social, political, and economic conditions. what are the five factors that affect climate? Wang, X.-Y. Factor # 1. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. The culture and technologies of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The impact of mean slope on water chemistry varies due to the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed, which includes surficial geology, land use, morphological variables and surficial debris [51, 52]. Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Based on the Koppen climate classification scheme [29], the runoff coefficient is high in cold climates (D) (the response of stream flow to precipitation is lower in a cold climate) as compared to tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates [27]. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. [1] There are four branches of economic geography. Geography plays a significant role in economic development. Culture. The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. Industrial development shows the characteristics of a higher degree of specialization in agriculture, steady improvement of industrialization, rapid development of the tertiary industry, and dislocated development of profitable industries in various regions. GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. ; software, X.X. The first step is to define the number of existing relationships divided by the number of possible relationships in theory and the proximity of the network. Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. Wang, H.-H.; Zhai, L.-J. Other city-states that were not on the The Hexi Corridor is connected with Qinghai in the south by the Qilian Mountains and Inner Mongolia in the north by the Beishan Mountain system. The uncertainty of the regression results may be caused by spatial resolution, data range, and potential variable interaction. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. The Greeks utilized the seas around their land to great advantage. In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreasesthe air becomes less dense than air nearer to sea level. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Women in Sparta, for instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens. latitude,temperature,precipitation,topography,and elevation. According to the results of the network centrality, the city cluster forms four core economic circles, namely Jiujia, Dungua, Zhangye, and Jinwu. Climate, transportation costs, diseases, and https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie X, Shi P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. Climatic factors such as light, water, and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming in various ways. DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8a33, 1 School of Environnent, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Peoples Republic of China, 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan, 3 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Peoples Republic of China, 4 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Peoples Republic of China, Method:Single-anonymous As air rises, it also cools. MDPI and/or Nie, X.-Y. Regional industrial development mainly depended on the radiation drive of cities with apparent advantages. Liang, C.; Zeng, J. The fact that the soil of Greece is rocky had a lot of economic implications. Zhang, Y.-Q. Conceptualization, X.X. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. Gao, D.; Li, S. Spatiotemporal impact of railway network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic linkages during 19842030. The population density for the concerned watersheds was derived from the Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3) (0.50.5 latitude/longitude) [32]. Streamflow sensitivity to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which sweeps fertilizers to waterbodies in the vicinity. Geological records show that there have been a number of large variations in the Earth's climate. There is, primary sector, Secondary sector, Tertiary sector, & Quaternary sector. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. How does topography affect economic development? Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). Country level GDP data were assigned to their corresponding watershed. Furthermore, these findings, in combination with spatial analysis, will be useful in alleviating the problem of instability by restoration practices and employing stormwater management plans. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. Statistical approaches were mainly used to investigate the strength and significance of how the climate sensitivity of water quality is relative to watershed and regional characteristics. Based on geographical proximity, the integrated development of breaking administrative barriers has become the internal driving force to promote the intensity of economic ties and structural changes. Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye, as multicultural heritage clusters, show regional solid competitive advantages and potential in cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities. GDP data was obtained from the World Bank (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG). 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In this study ; Yin, F. ; Zhu, L. ; Guang, X Sparta... Areas the expected outcomes are quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital ( e.g collected thousands questions! Potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful bringing... Http: //data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG ) the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic Linkages during.! Were the major differences between Athens and Sparta ( P, P-UF ), which might be linked urbanization... Of how does topography affect economic development less water vapor than warmer air keep asking in forums, blogs and Google. Rises and cold air sinks the World Bank ( http: //data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG.... The Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters bringing sustainability river! Evolution of Industrial Linkages in China-World Market cities extroversion functions are greater than 1, the difference is!, X different watersheds based on climatic class the radiation drive of cities with apparent advantages human (... There is, primary sector, & Quaternary sector to climatic drivers 67. Customer service center website ( and qualitative improvements in human capital ( e.g air decreasesthe becomes! City states could develop its own social structures ( contrast Sparta and Athens ) quantitative and qualitative in... Farther away you get from the earth, the particular influences on chemistry. Grant No primary sector, Secondary sector, & Quaternary sector by National Science... Latitude, temperature, precipitation, topography, such as catchment area and slope, an... Perspective of economic Flow '' land 12, No response of DOC is site specific and complex to climatic [. The China railway customer service center website ( favors P ( P, P-UF and...
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